View source for Satoru Kobayashi

{{Biobox new
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|             name = 
|            photo = 
|            alias = 
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|      birth month = 8
|        birth day = 8
|       birth year = 1930
|        birth ref = 
|   birth location = Nagano prefecture, Japan

|      death month = 11
|        death day = 15
|       death year = 2001
|        death ref = 
|   death location = 

|     years active = [[1959]]-[[2001]]
|      nationality = japanese
|     nationality2 = 

|       occupation = {{np-director|Director}}, {{np-producer}}
|            field = [[Pink film]]
|    influenced by = 
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|            nimdb = 0462051
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'''Satoru Kobayashi''' (小林悟 - ''Kobayashi Satoru'', 1930-2001) was a Japanese ''[[Pink film]]'' {{np-director}} and pioneer who directed several films in the big bust genre at the beginning of Japan's "Big Bust Boom" in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Most famous for directing ''Flesh Market'' (1962), the first ''pink film'', Kobayashi directed over 400 such films between 1960 and 1990.<ref name="Weisser-317">{{cite book |last=Weisser|first=Thomas|coauthors=Yuko Mihara Weisser|title=Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films|year=1998|publisher=Vital Books : Asian Cult Cinema Publications|location=Miami|isbn=1-889288-52-7|pages=p.317}}</ref>

==Life and career==
===Early life===
Satoru Kobayashi was born in Japan's Nagano Prefecture on August 8, 1930. As a teenager during World War II, Kobayashi was involved in anti-war activities. Because of this, at one point he was tortured by the Japanese military police.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://wm03.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:268388|title=Dan Oniroku Reijou Nawazeme (1984)|accessdate=2008-02-12|last=Firsching|first=Robert|publisher=All Movie Guide|language=English}}</ref> In an interview with the Director's Guild, Kobayashi claimed that it was this first-hand experience with torture that gave him his interest and ability with the sado-masochistic genre of ''pink film'' in which he often worked.<ref name="Weisser-140">Weisser, p.140.</ref> Kobayashi began work in the film industry as an assistant director at Shintoho studios, where, contributing to his attraction to the darker side of eroticism, he worked under ''ero-guro'' masters Teruo Ishii and Hiroshi Shimizu.<ref name="Weisser-140"/> Kobayashi's directorial debut was with the independently-produced ''Crazy Desire'' (狂った欲望 - ''Kurutta yokubo'') (1959). 

When Shintoho declared bankruptcy in 1961, Kobayashi was forced to seek work elsewhere.<ref>{{cite book |last=Schilling|first=Mark|title=The Yakuza Movie Book: A Guide to Japanese Gangster Films|origdate= |origyear=2003|publisher=Stone Bridge Press|location=Berkeley, CA|language=English|isbn=1-880656-76-0|pages=68}}</ref> After a year out of the director's chair, Kobayashi wrote and directed the independent sex-film ''Flesh Market'' (1962).<ref name="JMDB">{{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/person/p0181230.htm|title=小林悟 (Kobayashi Satoru)|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese|publisher=Japanese Movie Database}}</ref> Shintoho's female pearl-diver films with actress [[Michiko Maeda]] had become notorious in the 1950s as the first Japanese films with nude scenes. ''Flesh Market'' was the first Japanese film to show breasts on screen. The film was released on February 27, 1962, and shut down by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department the next day. It became the first post-World War II movie to be accused of obscenity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://es.geocities.com/eiga9/articulos/obscenity.html|title=Obscenity and Article 175 of the Japanese Penal Code: A Short Introduction to Japanese Censorship|accessdate=2008-02-12|last=da Silva|first=Joaquín|date=2006-10-24|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20091027012455/http://es.geocities.com/eiga9/articulos/obscenity.html|archivedate=2009-10-27}}</ref> When the film was cleared for release the next year, seven scenes had been cut.<ref name="Pink Princess">{{cite news |first=Ryann|last=Connell|title=Japan's former Pink Princess trades raunchy scenes for rural canteen|url=http://mdn.mainichi-msn.co.jp/waiwai/archive/news/2006/03/20060302p2g00m0dm014000c.html|work=Mainichi Shimbun|date=March 2, 2006|accessdate=2007-03-06|language=English}}</ref> Unlike later mainstream ''pink films'', ''Flesh Market'' was an independent and underground film, and played only in "Adult" theaters.<ref>Weisser, p.22.</ref> Nevertheless, the film was a tremendous box-office success. Made for only 8 million yen, the film brought in over 100 million yen, a huge profit for an independent release.<ref name="Pink Princess"/> The success of this film started the ''[[pink film]]'' genre, which was to become the most prolific genre in Japanese domestic cinema from the mid-1960s through the 1970s. The star of the film, [[Tamaki Katori]], would go on to appear in over 600 ''pink films'' during the 1960s, earning the nickname "The Pink Princess."<ref name="Pink Princess"/> ''Flesh Market'' was also only the beginning of Satoru Kobayashi's career in ''pink films''. Japanese sources claim that between 1960 and 1990, Kobayashi made over 400 such films.<ref name="Weisser-317"/> 

===Work in the big-bust genre===
Kobayashi's output did not slow in later years, and he kept up with changes in the Japanese adult entertainment field. A growing interest in big-bust performers in Japan's adult entertainment was reflected in the popularity of such actresses as [[Ran Masaki]] and [[Eri Kikuchi]] in the mid-1980s. The "Big Bust Boom" officially began in the wake of [[Kimiko Matsuzaka]]'s February 1989 debut,<ref> Adachi, Noriyuki. (1992). ''"Adult" People'' (アダルトな人びと - ''Adaruto na Hitobito'') Kodansha. ISBN 4-06-205546-5. p.50.</ref> and Kobayashi directed several films in that genre at this time. He directed early big-bust AV performer [[Natsuko Kayama]]'s ''Big Tit Against Big Tit, Rubbing!'' (巨乳ＶＳ巨乳　こする！ - ''Kyonyu tai kyonyu kosuru!'') (1990) for Excess Films, Nikkatsu's post-''Roman Porno'' line of theatrical softcore pornography.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1990/dn001480.htm|title=巨乳ＶＳ巨乳　こする！|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese|publisher=Japanese Movie Database}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.allmovie.com/cg/avg.dll?p=avg&sql=1:249637|title=Bed Partner|accessdate=2008-02-12|last=Firsching|first=Robert|publisher=All Movie Guide|language=English}}</ref> Kobayashi also directed post-Kimiko Matsuzaka era big-bust star [[Shinobu Hosokawa]] in two films, ''Big Tit Soap, Come in the Valley!'' (巨乳ソープ　谷間でイって！ - ''Kyonyu soap tanide itte!'', 1996)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1996/dt002550.htm|title=巨乳ソープ　谷間でイって！|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese|publisher=Japanese Movie Database}}</ref> and ''Big Tit Rape, Forced [[Paizuri]]'' (巨乳レイプ　強制パイズリ, 1997).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/1997/du001580.htm|title=巨乳レイプ　強制パイズリ|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese|publisher=Japanese Movie Database}}</ref> He produced and directed prominent metric [[:Category:F metric cup|F-cup]] [[AV idol]] [[Nao Saejima]] in her theatrical release, ''Erotic Ghost Story: Female Ghost in Heat'' (色欲怪談　発情女ゆうれい - ''Shikiyoku kaidan: Hatsujo onna yurei'', 1995).<ref>Weisser, p.130</ref> 

When Kobayashi's mentor, Teruo Ishii, planned his 1999 remake of Nobuo Nakagawa's ''Hell'' (地獄 - ''Jigoku'' (1960), Kobayashi served as producer. Together with Ishii, Kobayashi was able to persuade the pioneer busty, nude-scene actress [[Michiko Maeda]]-- banned from Japanese cinema 42 years before-- to make her come-back appearance in the film.<ref>{{cite web |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20000819071534/http://www.nifty.ne.jp/jigoku/casts.htm|url=http://www.nifty.ne.jp/jigoku/casts.htm|title=地獄: キャスト (''Hell: Cast''-- < Enma Daio, the Judge of Hell > Michiko Maeda)|archivedate=2000-08-19|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese & English|publisher=Jigoku Homepage}}</ref> In 2000, Kobayashi formed his own production company, and continued directing films until the year of his death.<ref name="JMDB"/> Kobayashi died of bladder cancer on [[November 15]], [[2001]].<ref>{{imdb name|id=0462051|name=Satoru Kobayashi (I)}}</ref>

== Kobayashi's big-bust filmography ==
{{model list|actresses}}
*<small>'''Note:''' Satoru Kobayashi directed over 400 ''pink films'', including the first film in that genre. This is a listing only ofvhis work in the big-bust genre.</small>
{| border=1 cellpadding=3 cellspacing=0
|- bgcolor="#CCCCCC"
! Video title<ref>Filmography from {{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/person/p0181230.htm|title=小林悟 (Kobayashi Satoru)|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese|publisher=Japanese Movie Database}}</ref>
! Release date
! Company
! Cast
! Video cover
|-
| <!-- Film -->''Big Tit Against Big Tit, Rubbing!''<br>巨乳ＶＳ巨乳　こする！<br>''Kyonyu tai kyonyu kosuru!''
| <!-- Released-->June 1990
| <!-- Company-->Excess Films
| <!-- Cast-->[[Natsuko Kayama]]
| <!-- Video cover-->
|-
| <!-- Film -->''Erotic Ghost Story: Female Ghost in Heat''<br>色欲怪談　発情女ゆうれい<br>''Shikiyoku Kaidan: Hatsujo Onna Yurei''
| <!-- Released-->August 25, 1995
| <!-- Company-->Okura
| <!-- Cast-->[[Nao Saejima]]
| <!-- Video cover-->[[Image:Erotic_Ghost_Story-Female_Ghost_in_Heat_1995.jpg|thumb|center|90px]]
|-
| <!-- Film -->巨乳吸性奴隷
| <!-- Released-->April 9, 1996
| <!-- Company-->大蔵映画
| <!-- Cast-->姫川夢子<br>吉行由美
| <!-- Video cover-->
|-
| <!-- Film -->痴漢巨乳電車　ゆれてはさんで
| <!-- Released-->April 30, 1996
| <!-- Company-->大蔵映画
| <!-- Cast-->かとう由梨<br>港雄一<br>白都翔一<br>桃井良子
| <!-- Video cover-->
|-
| <!-- Film -->''Big Tit Soap, Come in the Valley!''<br>巨乳ソープ　谷間でイって！<br>''Kyonyu soap tanide itte!''
| <!-- Released-->October 10, 1996
| <!-- Company-->大蔵映画
| <!-- Cast-->[[Shinobu Hosokawa]]
| <!-- Video cover-->
|-
| <!-- Film -->''Big Tit Rape, Forced [[Paizuri]]''<br>巨乳レイプ　強制パイズリ
| <!-- Released-->May 24, 1997
| <!-- Company-->大蔵映画
| <!-- Cast-->[[Shinobu Hosokawa]]
| <!-- Video cover-->
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite web |url=http://www.jmdb.ne.jp/person/p0181230.htm|title=小林悟 (Kobayashi Satoru)|accessdate=2008-02-12|language=Japanese|publisher=Japanese Movie Database}}
* {{imdb name|id=0462051|name=Satoru Kobayashi (I)}}
* {{cite book |last=Weisser|first=Thomas|coauthors=Yuko Mihara Weisser|title=Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films|year=1998|publisher=Vital Books : Asian Cult Cinema Publications|location=Miami|isbn=1-889288-52-7}}

{{GFDL|Satoru Kobayashi (director)}}
[[Category:Directors (non-performing)]]